Architecture

CPU internals, memory hierarchy, and cache coherence — the hardware foundations.

  1. CPU Fundamentals Pipelines, superscalar execution, branch prediction, and the microarchitectural tricks that make modern CPUs fast.
  2. Caches and Memory Hierarchy From registers to DRAM — understanding latency, bandwidth, and why cache-friendly code wins.
  3. Branch Prediction Branch prediction is a technique used to predict the outcome of a branch instruction before it is executed.
  4. Cache Coherence MESI, snooping, directories — how multicore CPUs keep caches consistent without losing their minds.